OSTEOMYELITS

What is Osteomyelitis ?

   Its a infection of bone and Bone Marrow. Bone marrow is a spony tissue inside the bone. It                 produces new bloods cells.

What do you mean by acute and chronic osteomyelits ?

   Acute Osteomyelitis means the disease onset is within a week.If it persists for more than 2 weeks 

   we call it Chrnoic Osteomyelitis.And after one week we call it subacute osteomyelitis. If its treated

   within 24 hours then the chances of halting progression to chronic Osteomyelitis is very very

    less.Once it progresses to subacute and chronic osteomyelitis then it won't be cured.There is

    always a risk of disease recurrence.


Which Organisms cause Osteomyelitis ?

   Staphylococcus Aureus is the commones bacteria.

    Streptococcus Sp.

     In toddlers , E. Coli, Haemophilus Influenzae
 
   Pseudomonas in IV drug abuser


Who are prone for Osteomyelitis ?

   Children with history of trivial trauma

    Children with infection in other parts of the body like boils

    After trauma with exposed bones and direct contamination

     Concomitant Diabetes Mellitus ,heapatic diseases that cause immunodeficiency , smooking etc.

      make prone for bone infection


Which are common sites for Osteomyelitis

     Bones around knee joint are the commonest sites in children. But any bone can be involved after

      direct trauma on the bone or after surgery as there is always a chance of infection after surgery 

       around 2 percent even in clean wounds.

How Osteomyelitis is diagnosed ?

Its based on history , physical examination and investigation.
A.History
 1..History of pain and swelling , difficulty moving the affected part
2. history of trivial trauma in children
3. concomitant infection on other body parts, smoking history, Diabetes or other illnesses

B.Physical Examination -
    Bone tenderness, pus discharge , swelling, loss of movement suggest Acute Osteomyelits
 
    Limb length inequality,  deformity suggest,sinus and healed scars Chronic Osteomyelitis

B. Investigations
   CBC , ESR , X-RAY, MRI , CT Scan ,Bone and Joint Aspiration and G-staining and Culture               sensitivity


How is Osteomyelitis treated ?
It is treated by
A.IV antibiotics which might suffice within 24 hours.
B.Incision and Drainage of pus
C.Bone  saucerization and pus drainage
D.Sequestrectomy




for more information for medical students see
orthonp.blogspot.com

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