FOR ANYONE WILLING TO KNOW ABOUT BONE AND JOINT

Calf pain is a common problem in Orthopaedic OPD. Pain is usually aching and mild to moderate.There are varietites of causes for this. Some of them are 1.Calf muscle strain due to physical exertion 2.Calf muscle contusion due to trauma 3.Vascular claudication (inadequate blood supply ) 4.Radiating Pain from nerve  compression in lumbar disc herniation 5.Lumbar canal stenosis 6.Anxiety and nervouoness 7.Ruptured Baker Cyst 8. Polpliteal Artery Aneurysm 9.Electrolyte /hormonal imbalances 10.Blood clots in veins of legs (Venous thrombosis )                                                             dreamstime.com When is calf pain considered serious and requires urgent medical care ? Calf pain along with swelling might be serious .It can be due to venous thrombosis( DVT). Its a conditio...

What are the function of bones in our body ? Bones are important organs to provide shape, support and structure of the body.They also facilitate movements. They provide a large stock of some minerals in our body. Bone marrow produces blood cells. How is bone formed  ? Bone composition Cells , Extracellular matrix and lipids. 20 % is water. 65-70 % dry weight consists of inorganic substances and 30-35 % is organic substances. What are different types of cells in the bone ? These are Osteoblasts , Osteoclasts and Osteocytes. Bone development embrologically  Intramembranous , Cartilginous model or both . Intramembranous bone forms without cartilage model. All Flat bones and Clavicle . Cartilaginous Model - All long  bones except Clavicle . What are types of bones ? Spongy bone and Cortical(compact ) bone What are different classification for fractures ? A.Based on Shape of fragments 1.Transverse        ...

What do you mean by Cerebral Palsy (CP) ? Its a disorder of signals of brain to different parts of the body due to injury to developing brain in early part of the life. This leads to weakness , stiffening of muscles and joints. As a result the child has several disabilities such as  difficulty walking , poor hand functions , vision and hearing impairments. How common is Cerebral Palsy ? It's 2-2.5 per 1000 live births . What are the causes of this ? 50 Percent of the cases are unknown.Premature delivery is the commonest risk factor. Difficult and prolonged labour , neonatal jaundice , pneumonia , meningitis etc. can also pose risk for CP after birth. What are clinical presentations of CP ? There will be delayed developmental milestones. Normal pattern of smiling in 3 months , sitting after 6 months , crawling after 9 months , walking in 12-18 months will not be seen in babies affected with this condition. With development parents may notice...

What are common causes of pain around elbow ? There are many causes.Many of the times, its due to some changes in muscular origin of some muscle fibres just above the outer side of elbow joint on humerus which we call the Tennis Elbow Same problem just above the inner side of the elbow joint is Golfer's Elbow. What are symptoms of Tennis Elbow ? Pain and difficulty holding objects with hand. Pain is aching type , moderate and disabling. Do patient  need to worry much ? No, they should not be. It heals slowy and patients need to know that it may take time. pexel.com How is it diagnosed ? Diagnosis is based on a. history of pain , no other systemic symptoms b.local tenderness at the painful site c. normal X-ray of the elbow joint X-ray is to rule other diseases sothat we can be sure that the problem is Tennis Elbow. Same is for Golfer's Elbow. What else may show the same symptoms ? PIN Nerve entrapment may mimic the same problem . What is the treat...

What is Osteomyelitis ?    Its a infection of bone and Bone Marrow. Bone marrow is a spony tissue inside the bone. It                 produces new bloods cells. What do you mean by acute and chronic osteomyelits ?    Acute Osteomyelitis means the disease onset is within a week.If it persists for more than 2 weeks     we call it Chrnoic Osteomyelitis.And after one week we call it subacute osteomyelitis. If its treated    within 24 hours then the chances of halting progression to chronic Osteomyelitis is very very     less.Once it progresses to subacute and chronic osteomyelitis then it won't be cured.There is     always a risk of disease recurrence. Which Organisms cause Osteomyelitis ?    Staphylococcus Aureus is the commones bacteria.     Streptococcus Sp.      In toddlers , E. Coli, Haemophilus Influenzae   ...

Heel is a specialized hind part of the foot. Heel has a specialized fat pad that absorbs shock during weight bearing. It also has muscular attachment that control movements on the toes.It also has a thin blended sheet of plantar fascia underneath the skin above the muscles and the specialized fat pad. When somebody has heel pain then your doctor thinks in line for the problem that may be anywhere from skin , plantar fascia, muscle , fat and neurovascular structures that make up the heel. But many of the times it's Plantar Fascitis. Doctor examines the skin , muscle power testing and neurovascular examination which if normal then X-ray is ordered to rule out any disease of the heel bone  (Calcaneum). If the X-ray shows  normal bone then Plantar Fascitis is diagnosed.Sometimes there may be a spur on the heel bone which doesn't harm and that should not worry you. Plantar Fascitis is a common cause for heel pain .It may be due to exercise related in atheletic ...